https://www.etzion.org.il/en/philosophy/issues-jewish-thought/issues-mussar-and-faith/jews-and-gentiles
The halakhic and aggadic traditions make clear that there is vast difference between the spiritual status of a Jew and that of a gentile. Halakhically, Jews are obligated in the six hundred and thirteen mitzvot of the Torah, while gentiles are obligated in a mere seven. In addition, our liturgy is replete with statements emphasizing the chosenness of the Jewish People. For example, "Who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us;" "Who has chosen us from among all the nations and given us His Torah;" "Who chooses His nation Israel with love."
In this shiur, we will attempt to identify the source of this fundamental spiritual distinction. Is it essential and built-in to the very substance of the Jew or gentile from the moment of birth, or is it something acquired by means of education and training?
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